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Saturday, April 2, 2011

EDITORIAL : THE NEW STRAITS TIMES, MALAYSIA

Jump-starting technology

GONE are the days when we could depend on our comparative advantage in cheap labour and the past practice of borrowing skills through technology transfer to grow the economy. In order to develop indigenous industrial technology, greater resources have been channelled into raising capacity in market-driven research and development and building a critical mass of scientists and engineers in areas such as biotechnology and green technology in university-industry clusters. As climbing the ladder of the value chain requires capitalising on the commercial potential of the emerging technologies, this has also necessitated creating a special breed of technopreneurs able to develop their original ideas, market their innovations and start their own businesses.

In this respect, though turning innovations into cutting-edge business products is decidedly difficult, as big a challenge has been to finance the entire life-cycle of the process from the incubation of the ideas to the commercialisation of the research to establishing start-up technology companies as the conventional financial system is risk averse. Over the years, grants through the Malaysia Technology Development Corporation (MTDC) have supported the incubation and commercialisation of the ideas. At the same time, financing for early, developing and late-stage technology firms have come from the likes of MTDC and Malaysia Venture Capital Management Bhd. However, though the venture capital market has grown, as there are young start-ups that neither meet their investment requirements nor the conditions of bank loans, raising funds for these fledgling ventures remains a problem. This is where the RM100 million Business Start-up Fund launched by the prime minister on Thursday can help to jump-start the technopreneurs. As collateral is not needed, payments are flexible and the repayment period stretches to eight years, it is certainly more supportive and less punitive to home-grown budding technopreneurs than commercial loans.

In the same manner, the Resident Pass that took effect from yesterday is a vast improvement over the Employment Pass, as it allows enterprising expatriates to live and work in this country for a longer period, at more than one workplace. If we want to become technology innovators and not technology borrowers, we have to develop a nurturing environment that is conducive to new ways of thinking and new ways of doing things. For this reason, we cannot afford to be inward-looking but tap talent from all over. Certainly, we cannot expect highly-qualified foreigners to relocate to this country, or Malaysians with scarce skills to return home, when they get frustrated with waiting for work permits or visas or citizenship status for their families.

 

EDITORIAL : THE DAILY NEWS EGYPT, EGYPT


26 questions Egyptians are asking

CAIRO: In an ironic numerical coincidence, 67 days after the January 25 outbreak of the popular revolt that toppled Egypt’s 30-year regime and its dictator ex-president Hosni Mubarak, Egyptians have returned to Tahrir Square to “save the revolution,”
For some, the connection between 67 days and the Naksa is all too poignant. In the 1967 Naksa (setback) Egypt lost a six-day war against Israel which cost it the entire Sinai Peninsula and during which Israel annexed the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights.
Many who went to Tahrir on Friday were feeling, perhaps with little reasonable justification, that a similar setback is “stealing the revolution,” a phrase frequently used to describe a potential disaster scenario where after the dust settles and the euphoria of getting rid of Mubarak subsides, everything will go back to the way it was before, the only difference being in the names and faces.
While I personally do not believe that Egypt will ever return to the horror of its black pre-Jan. 25 reality, many Egyptians do, and here are 26 questions they’re asking:
1. Why aren’t Mubarak and his family in court until now?
2. Why is ex-interior minister Habib El-Adly still not being tried for his involvement in the killing of peaceful protesters in the early days of the revolution?
3. Why did the Prosecutor General wait over a month and a half before imposing a travel ban on the icons of the past regime, 21-year House Speaker Fathi Sorrour, National Democratic Party (NDP) and Shoura Council Speaker Safwat El-Sherif, ex-chief of presidential staff Zakaria Azmy and former housing minister Mohamed Ibrahim Soliman?
4. Why has the National Democratic Party not been dissolved?
5. Why are former NDP leaders still allowed to participate in the political transition to democracy, despite the clear conflict of interest?
6. Why is the state of emergency still in place?
7. Why have governors and heads of local councils appointed by the previous regime not been replaced?
8. Why have leading figures in the Egyptian Radio and Television Union not been removed from their positions despite inciting violence against protesters and spreading disinformation during the uprising?
9. Why is there a media blackout on the severe human rights violations committed by members of the military police against Tahrir protesters on March 9?
10. Why is there a similar media blackout on violations by the army including the use of cattle prods, to disperse Cairo University students demanding the removal of the dean on the Faculty of Mass Communication?
11. Why has the army maintained a monopoly over all decisions, while staging an unnecessary referendum which cost the state coffers LE 200 million when, in effect, all its decisions have been unilateral?
12. Why doesn’t the constitutional decree recently announced by the army shrink the powers of the president?
13. Why is the army insisting on fast legislative elections, even though all indicators signify that they can only lead to an overwhelming majority for Islamists and ex-NDP members?
14. Why is the army being secretive in its drafting of vital laws that will see the country through the transition, such as the much debated law regulating the establishment of political parties?
15. Why did the Illicit Gains Authority only just approach the EU to demand the freezing of assets by leading members of the former regime?
16. Why has the government not set a minimum wage until now?
17. Why is Cabinet attempting to intimidate workers by proposing a ban on workers’ strikes in a blatant violation of International Labor Organization standards?
18. How can we trust investigators and prosecutors that were all part of the previous state machinations?
19. Why hasn’t the ruling army council set up a special tribunal of known judges and prosecutors untainted by connections with the previous regime to probe the corruptions cases?
20. Why is the army council side-lining the young activists who sparked the revolution?
21. Why has there been no official investigation into the attack on presidential hopeful Mohamed ElBaradei on referendum day?
22. What is the fate of the hundreds of thousands of Egyptians trapped in Libya?
23. Why haven’t all political detainees been released?
24. What is the mandate of new Interior Ministry arm — National Security —that has replaced the notorious State Security apparatus?
25. What is the Interior Ministry doing with the State Security files?
26. What is the government doing about the rising domination of the Salafi discourse threatening a bigger role of religion in politics?
Many of these questions betray a deeply engrained lack of trust between the people and authorities, which is slowly poising some peoples’ image of the army as a just arbitrator and protector.
However, when it comes to the constitutional decree announced Wednesday, I share the view of Amr Hamzawy, researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, in a column in Al-Shorouk Friday, that despite a few critiques, hats off to the army for not abusing its current position by giving itself more powers in the interim phase and promising to pass on all legislative authorities to the PA as soon as it is elected.
All other changes like shrinking the president’s sweeping powers, for instance, or canceling the Shoura Council, will be in the hands of the constituent assembly charged with drafting a new constitution.
Since we have chosen the path of democracy, we must accept that democracy takes time, but that only vigilance, self-education, political awareness, persistence and transparency will guarantee that we’re on the right track.
For now we must also accept that chaos too is part of the transition and that the only way to avert descending into absolute chaos is to move the tug-of-war between the will of the people and the power of the state from the street to the dialogue table. We don’t want the million man protests to lose their impact, who knows when we’ll seriously need them again.

EDITORIAL : THE NATIONAL POST, CANADA

Gateway pipeline a crossroads for Canada

An economic superpower is a country with the influence, impact and standing on the world stage that only comes from delivering to partners across the globe.
Right now Canada doesn't -and can't -do that in energy.
Our proximity to the world's largest energy consumer is a unique advantage, one all our competitors would love to have. But our unparalleled integration with the U.S. market is also a problem: It makes us complacent, and it makes us a captive supplier. We only have one customer for our energy, the United States.
Make no mistake, the United States is, and will remain, Canada's most important market and our closest trading partner. The interdependence of our economies is a huge permanent advantage for Canadians and Americans.
But Canada's energy relationship with the United States can more accurately be described as "dependent," not "interdependent." Today, virtually all of Canada's oil exports go to the United States. At about two million barrels per day, they make up one out of every five barrels imported by the United States. No competitor can trump Canada's advantage of geography, capacity and a trading partnership built on shared values on the environment, human rights, the rule of law and democracy.
We might be the most important energy supplier to them, but the United States has other options available for energy trade partners. Canada today doesn't have options.
Enbridge's Northern Gateway pipeline project will change that. To succeed in the 21st century and beyond, Canada needs to look west, across the International Date Line, to the vast, growing economies and huge markets of the Pacific Rim nations.
The Northern Gateway pipeline is Canada's energy crossroads. It would safely move energy to the West Coast, open new markets for Canadian petroleum and create thousands of construction and supplier jobs. Reliable independent estimates of the project's impact over 30 years say it will deliver to all Canadians an additional $270-billion increase in Canada's GDP that would be felt across the nation, in steel mills and manufacturing centres, from heavy industry to high finance, for a long, long time. We will generate millions of dollars in direct, lasting and meaningful benefits for the First Nations and other communities involved.
For too long, Canada has been a price taker in North American oil markets. Gateway liberates Canadian oil producers from that straitjacket. Canadian oil will move closer to world oil price levels, from its current position about $2 to $3 less than that.
Canada can become a leader in the world energy market -but only if we make the smart, strategic moves, and take the sustainable steps to make it happen, now.
Northern Gateway is a great Canadian project. It is currently being reviewed and assessed by our tough and profes-sional regulators to determine if it is in our nation's best interest and if it can be built and operated to Canada's worldclass environmental and safety standards. I know it can.
As Canadians, we need to better understand the connection between what the energy industry does and the lives we all lead. There is a direct connection between your car's gas pedal and your house thermostat, and Canadian oil and gas.
Some critics say we are too small to be a global player in any sector; that we should be grateful for our access to the United States; that we can't compete as an equal on a global stage. Can we be more than that? Yes. With politicians who are far-sighted, courageous, strategy-driven nation builders. The world is clamouring for energy, and will continue to require all sources of energy over the coming decades as we make the transition to renewables.
We could choose to keep Canada's vast supply of oil, which we have developed ethically and responsibly, landlocked in North America. We could continue to sell it at a discount, while other nations create the energy supply lines and energy market access for the rest of the world.
Or we can take the steps required to bring Canadian oil to markets around the planet. We can responsibly, sustainably and safely construct and operate nationbuilding projects like Northern Gateway. We can make the most of the opportunities available to us and build on our strategic advantages as a responsible, democratic trading nation. We can build an even stronger Canada for future generations.

The ignored civil war

This week, the world was scandalized by the case of Eman alObaidi, the woman who burst into a Tripoli hotel and told a pool of Western reporters of the rape and torture she'd suffered at the hands of Muammar Gaddafi's henchmen. The story of this one woman is indeed horrible. Yet how many Westerners know of the half-dozen women who were mowed down in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, while they demonstrated in support of the democratically elected presidential candidate Alassane Ouattara?
Ivory Coast's current bout of violence began amid the fallout from the country's 2010 election, whose results incumbent Laurent Gbagbo refused to recognize. Since late February, the country has become a violenceplagued rogue state. And for most of this time, its plight has received little attention from the Western foreign-policy corps, which (as usual) has been focused on the Middle East.
Though the human-rights crisis in Ivory Coast was on a par with that of Libya, no serious consideration was given to a NATO military intervention. Aside from sanctions imposed by the UN, ECOWAS (the Economic Community of West Africa States) and the African Union, the world more or less abandoned Ivory Coast to its fate.
Fortunately, the civil war seems to be reaching a conclusion, with Mr. Gbagbo surrounded by rebel forces as of this writing on Friday afternoon. We can only hope that Mr. Ouattara soon will be installed as president, and all violence will cease. In the Middle East and the Balkans, the West generally pays close attention to the actions of tyrants. In Sub-Saharan Africa, on the other hand, most freedom fighters are on their own.

An end to Alberta-bashing

It was not by chance that NDP Leader Jack Layton chose Montreal as the locale for his Thursday attack on the oil sands: Quebecers typically show the highest support in the country for environmental issues, for public spending on "green" initiatives and for such punitive measures as carbon taxes. "Stephen Harper is handing billions to oil companies developing Canada's dirtiest energy sources, like the tar sands," Mr. Layton said, trying hard to tap into the province's green zeitgeist. "As prime minister, I'll cancel his dirty fuels subsidy and ... redirect the savings into Canada's most promising clean energy," such as that being developed at Insertech Angus, the Montreal environmental technology firm whose facilities he was touring at the time.
But is Mr. Layton overdoing it? A new survey conducted for the Montreal Economic Institute (MEI), a free-market think-tank, finds that 61% of Quebecers have a generally positive view of Alberta. And 68% would like to see Quebec strengthen its political and economic ties with the Wild Rose province. "The majority of [respondents] (56%) think that Quebec will still need oil in 20 years," the MEI reported. "And an even larger proportion (71%) consider the development of Alberta's oil sands to be desirable, as long as a consistent effort is made to limit the environmental impact."
And yet, Quebec's politicians have a funny way of reflecting these attitudes. In 2009, the province's Liberal Premier, Jean Charest, flew all the way to Copenhagen to denounce the oil sands at a UN climate summit. He declared himself "disappointed" with what he saw as Ottawa's lack of effort to curtail carbon dioxide emissions that occur when oil is extracted from bitumen. He pleaded with the international community not to punish Canada in any climate treaty for the misbehaviour of just one or two provinces. (Under the circumstances, Alberta's response was remarkably muted. Just imagine the outrage in Quebec if Alberta showed up at a World Trade Organization hearing and protested Quebec's dairy and pork subsidies, or its asbestos industry.)
More recently, the Quebec government has proposed a two-year moratorium on shale-gas extraction, coupled with a demand from Ottawa that the federal government help make up the difference by taxing resource-rich provinces (guess who?) and using the proceeds to boost equalization payments. Former Liberal leader Stéphane Dion, of course, scapegoated the "sands" during the 2008 federal election, as part of his unpopular Green Shift platform. He recommended that Albertans accept a temporary drop in their standard of living for the good of the planet.
It's good that Quebecers have a largely favourable opinion of Alberta. Perhaps they might convince their politicians that there isn't as much currency as they might think in bashing the oil patch and those who derive their living from it.

 

 


 

EDITORIAL : THE ASHARQ ALAWSAT, published in LONDON

Syria: Praying by identity card

At the same time that a female presenter appeared on an Arab satellite channel to say that "the situation in Syria is calm, and the people of Syria have shown their awareness by not responding to calls to take to the streets to demonstrate and protest", some Syrians visiting mosques in the country were having their identity cards confiscated from them upon their entry, with these being returned to them after they had completed their prayers, on their way out.
The funny thing is that just minutes following the presenter's statement about the calm in Syria, a breaking news report flashed across the bottom of the screen revealing that demonstrations were occurring in several Syrian cities including Damascus, Banias, Homs, and Latakia! What I want to say here is that the real solution to what is happening in Syria, and other Arab states, is for this political earthquake that is striking our region to be dealt with sincerely, with governments taking reformative steps and implementing reforms that directly reach its citizens, as well as reforms that genuinely affect the state's infrastructure, and the regime itself. This is something that applies to any and all countries, not just Syria. The media may be attempting to play down the true nature of events, but that does not change the reality of the situation; sometimes the media acts like a painkiller, whilst at other times it acts like an appetizer, but the fact remains that the presence of injustice and inertia in the institutions of the state, any state, hasten their collapse, regardless of any attempts to prevent this.
The best example of the fact that the media is not the solution can be seen in the media's coverage of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's last speech in front of the Syrian People's Council. The Syrian president said that his country was subject to a foreign conspiracy, and throughout the day the Arab media reiterated these words, particularly the television media, whilst failing to cover the demonstrations taking place in Latakia! As for the western television media, following the Syrian president's speech, it also focused upon the question; who? As in, who is conspiring against Syria? Therefore the difference is clear; however the most important thing here is the [Syrian] citizens: do they truly believe that there is a conspiracy, or do they believe that there are genuine injustices? That is the question!
Therefore, the continuation of the demonstrations in Syria, even until yesterday, means that the popular demands have not been met with practical solutions, and that the solutions, until now, have been ineffective. What is irritating about the Syrian situation is that the demands remain ordinary and acceptable and can be easily implemented; these will not weaken the country or bring down the temple walls on all those inside, however the government's response continues to be weak. The problem is that the protestors' demands and violence will only increase and intensify the more the solutions are delayed. This is something that we have seen in a series of recent events in our region.
Therefore what I want to say is that Damascus is still in a position to cut the fuse by proposing a series of genuine reforms, rather than making promises of conducting studies about abolition the state of emergency and the anti-terror law, whilst the situation remains unchanged. This is in order to avoid confrontation and violence. Until now, the number of protestors killed stands in the dozens, although there are reports that say that the death-toll stands as high as 60. Even if the regime becomes stronger and more resolute [in confronting the protestors], it will continue to face endless internal and external difficulties, however if the regime decided to implement genuine reforms, it will certainly emerge stronger than before. However all the signs indicate that Damascus has failed to learn from the experiences of others, in this regard.
Therefore the question now is: where will the ceiling of demands reach in Syria?

EDITORIAL : THE DAILY YOMIURI, JAPAN

Secure revenues for recovery from quake


The most important task the government has now is to secure revenue sources to support efforts to recover from the catastrophic earthquake and tsunami that recently struck the Tohoku and Kanto regions.
The hugely expensive child-rearing allowance system initiated by the Democratic Party of Japan-led government must be abolished for now. In its place, a system based on the former system of dependent child allowances should be devised.
The current framework, under which 13,000 yen per child each month is distributed to households with children until they finish middle school, is to be extended for another six months under a bridge law passed by the Diet.
The government and the DPJ prioritized passing the bridge law and withdrew a bill that would have added 7,000 yen per month for children younger than 3 years old from the new fiscal year.
However, continuing the current system itself is a problem.
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No revenues for recovery
The system will gobble up 1.3 trillion yen for the six-month extension alone. If it is extended again for another six months, it will be almost impossible for the government to find revenue sources to fund programs related to recovery from the great earthquake.
If the child-rearing allowance system is revised before the extension period authorized under the bridge law expires, the considerable revenue that would have been devoted to it can be freed up for disaster recovery and relief budgets.
Based on this viewpoint, the government and the DPJ need to immediately begin to devise a new system. They should also consider shortening the extension period.
The Liberal Democratic Party has been demanding a return to the former dependent child allowance system.
Under the former system, 5,000 yen per month was given for first and second children aged 3 years or older and 10,000 yen per month for those younger than 3, as well as for third and subsequent children. There were income caps depending on family situations. The system was generous for families with many children and low-income families.
In contrast, under the current child-rearing allowance system, the same sum is given to rich and poor families alike. A quite high percentage of the allowances are believed to be stashed away as bank savings. If the old system is revived, nearly 2 trillion yen in extra funds will be available compared with the DPJ's initial plan.
However, the targets of the dependent child allowances are families with children up to primary school age. As the deduction from taxable income for families with children aged 15 years or younger has been already abolished, simply abolishing the current system to return to the old system would result in a de facto tax increase for families with middle school students.
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New Komeito's proposal
New Komeito took this point into consideration and came up with its own proposal for an allowance system that includes families with middle school students. Income caps are also part of its proposal. The amount to be provided will be 10,000 yen per child across the board.
The Komeito proposal is worth considering, but it would cost 1.9 trillion yen, according to the party. That means only 1 trillion yen could be used for recovery from the earthquake and tsunami disaster. We hope the party will hold further discussions on cutting the amount of benefits to be provided.
It is believed more than 10 trillion yen in government spending will be necessary for disaster recovery measures and relief efforts.
Eventually, additional issuance of deficit-covering government bonds and some sort of tax increase will be unavoidable. To do that, however, the government must abandon unnecessary and nonurgent dole-out policy measures such as the child-rearing allowance system and its plan to make public high school tuition free while subsidizing private high school tuition.
Without such spending cuts, it will be difficult for the government to win the understanding of the public.

Govt should welcome French nuclear help


Visiting French President Nicolas Sarkozy on Thursday discussed with Prime Minister Naoto Kan measures to deal with the crisis at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant, which was crippled by the March 11 Tohoku Pacific Offshore Earthquake. Sarkozy assured Kan the international community will unite to support Japan in its recovery from the extensive damage suffered in the disaster.
Kan and Sarkozy also agreed the nuclear accident will be on the agenda at the Group of Eight summit talks scheduled in late May.
Countries around the world are watching how Japan deals with the nuclear accident. Armed with the cooperation of France, which has many nuclear plants, the Japanese government should do its utmost to achieve the top priority--restoring the cooling functions of the nuclear reactors.
The French president visited Japan on his way home from an international seminar in China. As Sarkozy is also the chair of the G-8 and the Group of 20 leading industrialized and emerging economies, his visit also aimed at emphasizing that the international community as a whole should jointly work on measures to deal with disasters such as a massive earthquake and tsunami or a nuclear power plant crisis.

Sarkozy an N-power enthusiast
Frustration with Japan's inability so far to bring the nuclear situation completely under control might also have prompted the French president to visit Tokyo at a time when the Japanese government is clearly very busy dealing with the disaster.
France has the world's second-largest number of nuclear power plants in operation after the United States and depends on them for about 80 percent of its power generation. Sarkozy himself is eager to develop new markets for French nuclear power plants. He has tried to sell his country's nuclear reactors in India and the Middle East.
The French president emphasized at a press conference after the talks with Kan that development of nuclear power plants will never stop in spite of the problems in Fukushima Prefecture. Sarkozy also said he aimed to see new international safety standards on nuclear plants drafted by the end of this year through the G-8 summit talks and other international conferences.
He is apparently concerned that the current trouble might fuel movements against nuclear power generation around the world.
If the nuclear crisis worsens, it might have negative effects on France's nuclear-based energy policy.
Sarkozy also said France would like to offer Japan robots that can work in areas contaminated with radiation. Such robots could be used to carry out tasks that would otherwise involve exposing human workers to dangerous radiation levels.

An international effort
The chief of nuclear power company Areva SA and a team of experts in the disposal of radioactive water also came to Japan from France.
A joint liaison and coordination council has already been established between Japan and its ally the United States. Under the council, task forces including experts of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission have been working on measures to get the nuclear situation under control as soon as possible.
The government and Tokyo Electric Power Co., the operator of the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant, should coordinate closely with each other to utilize assistance from abroad more efficiently.
"We are obliged to share this experience accurately with countries all over the world," said Kan. This is correct: The government must transmit information on the nuclear crisis accurately and speedily.
We hope that by bringing together the wisdom of the international community, a way can be found to overcome the crisis as soon as possible.

EDITORIAL : THE AUSTRALIAN, AUSTRALIA

Labor has a light on the hill and it is not green

PRIME Minister puts Labor on the road back to the middle

Mainstream Australians have not been hiding; they still live in the suburbs, aspire to home ownership, a good education for their children and a country where a fair go permeates all aspects of life. Which makes us wonder why Julia Gillard had to use Thursday's inaugural Whitlam Institute oration as a belated attempt to reattach her party to its middle-Australia base. By identifying the Greens as a party of "protest" and the Liberals as a party of "extremism", the Prime Minister was on a mission to show Labor occupies the centre. The Weekend Australian believes the ALP should be a party for the mainstream, so we welcome Ms Gillard's awakening. But it will take more than platitudes and denunciation of her opponents to cement the claim. As the saying goes, don't tell us you're funny, make us laugh.
Much of what Labor has done in recent years, federal and state, has pointed to a disconnect between the party and its base. The direction of its policy and its rhetoric has been shaped by the progressive, moral middle-class agenda from which Ms Gillard now seeks to distance herself. To listen to the Prime Minister and her colleagues address issues such as the carbon tax and border security has been to hear disdain for the legitimate concerns of working Australians. Rather than listening to Australians who object to the party's progessive policies or explaining the party's approach, Labor's elites have thrown around words such as nutters, deniers, racists and extremists. This will never pass muster for a people's party.
Labor's drift to the progressive Left has created policy contradictions, with a tough/welcoming border regime and a low-emission/growth-driven economic policy. The confusion has it losing ground to the Greens in inner-city electorates with their prosperous young professionals. In the suburbs, socially conservative working families have switched to the Liberals. Maps in our pages show how this plays out across Sydney after the NSW poll, with Labor battling Greens in the inner city, clinging to seats in the most working-class of areas and losing to the Liberals across a range of suburbs. Many of these are the aspirational suburbs where Ms Gillard realises Labor must rediscover its base. She must also hope that disgust at NSW machine politics doesn't tarnish federal Labor.
She was right to point out the Greens don't understand the fundamental importance of a strong economy. The question then is why she entered into a formal agreement with them before forming government, an unnecessary move that has created a problem in perceptions and probably in policy development. Ms Gillard has cited the new parliament as reason for breaking her promise on carbon tax. We can only hope her robust critique of the Greens' economic ineptitude will steel her will against their calls to limit industry compensation in the tax package.
Even if they sneak into the lower house seat of Balmain, the NSW election, just like last year's Victorian poll, was a disappointment to the Greens. With a statewide swing of more than 13 per cent against Labor, the Greens picked up just over 1 per cent. Even in Balmain, the Liberals won more first preferences than either Labor or the Greens and in Marrickville, where the Greens expected to win, their candidate's extremist anti-Israel policy, and her evasiveness about it, cost them dearly. Yet we learn this week that incoming NSW Greens senator Lee Rhiannon is planning to take this vile agenda to Canberra. While Greens leader Bob Brown has rejected the policy, we are left to wonder about a national organisation, accredited as mainstream by the ABC, that lets a state branch run a separate, damaging foreign policy.
Senator Brown once joked that the Greens have as many factions as MPs. For anyone seriously contemplating their role in national policy formulation, that observation is beyond a joke. The Greens are a fringe political group and although they rail against it, The Weekend Australian will continue to scrutinise them. It is heartening that after starting to venture down their garden path, Ms Gillard has recognised another road towards the middle ground. It is Tony Abbott, not Senator Brown, who can beat her at the next election; the battle needs to be contested by both major parties in the mainstream.

Encourage scientific solutions

INNOVATIVE research is important to overcoming drought

After one of the wettest summers in decades on the eastern side of the continent, it is counter-intuitive to be talking about managing drought. But in the driest continent on earth, history shows that the big dry follows the big wet as sure as night follows day.
Human ingenuity, which made settlement possible and has driven prosperity, is the key to better management that will underpin future growth and security. Better storage, fairer water allocation and more efficient irrigation techniques will go a long way. But it is encouraging that the federal standing committee on regional Australia is looking beyond the immediate issues of controversial water buy backs in the Murray-Darling Basin to consider the promising results of recent trials of rain-enhancement technology.
Trials in Queensland and the Mount Lofty Ranges have shown positive increases in rainfall in target areas using ionisation to increase the proportion of cloud moisture that falls as rain. Programs using "cloud seeding" technology are already under way in the US, Israel and China. Given Australia's climate and our reliance on agriculture for domestic consumption and export earnings, potential returns are substantial. The technology on the horizon will not put an end to drought, but it could ease it.

Syrian leader must adapt or go

BASHAR al-Assad only has himself to blame for the crisis

Syria's President, Bashar al-Assad, has learned nothing from the Arab Spring. He is a former ophthalmologist trained in London and married to a Harley Street cardiologist's daughter who had a highly successful merchant banking career with Deutsche Bank and JPMorgan. But his defiant, unsophisticated response to democracy demonstrations shows he is his father's son, an apparatchik of the corrupt Baathist dictatorship that has ruthlessly suppressed and looted Syrians for 48 years.
Before he addressed parliament this week, aides tipped an announcement of reforms that would herald a historic break with the regime of his late father, Hafeez al-Assad, including an end to draconian emergency rule imposed in 1963 and a curbing of the all-pervasive powers of the notorious Mukhabarat secret police. But the speech was disingenuous claptrap, with Assad blaming the demonstrations on a conspiracy by so-called saboteurs intent on enforcing an Israeli agenda. Without the histrionics and headgear it could have been Muammar Gaddafi speaking. Assad has not got the message of the uprisings that have swept away long-entrenched leaders in Tunisia and Egypt, and is likely to pay a heavy price for his obduracy.
It is not the first time Assad has disappointed since succeeding his father in 2000 in a shameful act of dynastic corruption. While touted as a new breed of Arab leader and a potential partner in a peace process with Israel, Assad has instead continued to meddle in the affairs of Lebanon and beyond, supporting such evil surrogates as Hezbollah, Islamic Jihad and Hamas. He has forged a close alliance with Iran in support of global terrorism, a relationship that has seen the first Iranian warships to pass through the Suez Canal since 1979 dock at the Syrian port of Latakia to establish a base. His sinister nuclear program was snuffed out only when Israel bombed the facility in 2007.
For the West, the crisis in Damascus presents profound challenges. Syria has a potent arsenal of missiles, rockets and chemical warheads capable of hitting targets in Israel. Now that Assad has his back to the wall, that potential is even greater. Were he to be deposed, it's likely that Sunnis, possibly Muslim Brotherhood extremists, would take over. Assad has himself to blame for the crisis. He failed to bring about reforms that could have been a template for the region. He must adapt or go.

 

 

 

EDITORIAL : THE GLOBAL TIMES, CHINA

Backlash for West's cocky Libya gamble

The West has hailed the defections of Libya's foreign minister along with other senior officials as being a body blow to the embattled regime, casting the image of Gaddafi as being abandoned by his allies and more isolated by the day.
However, many Western media are pointing out that the chance for a quick resolution to the Libyan civil war from inside is looking tricky. The departure of his inner clique has painted Gaddafi into a corner, and the window for political negations is fast closing.
On Thursday, Gaddafi once again appealed for a cease-fire but vowed to "fight until the last drop of his blood." This defiant stance seems to be the only genuine card Gaddafi feels he has left to play. 
Fact can often be a far crueler mistress than fiction. Loyalists and rebels, with their polar allegiances to Gaddafi and to the West, have stabbed at each other. When seeing the rebels losing ground, the West took the field, encouraging the rebels to topple the regime.
It is irresponsible for the West to abandon all political solutions but to adopt a life-and-death attitude toward the Libyan people. The West is waging a war by proxy, uncaring about the loss of civilian lives.
Libya has fallen under the influence of political conflict, marching in lockstep to the beat of Western drums. Western media spare no effort to paint Gaddafi as a consummate villain. Treacherous reports, including some barely more than rumors, are reported and spread rapidly. The only place for Gaddafi to flex his muscles is on the battlefield.
 Despite being blessed by oil and awash with subsequent riches, the Middle East remains politically entrenched. As a result, its nations lack the experience to deal with drastic social changes. The disturbance in Libya has turned into a war, threatening to do harm to the whole region.
When observing the situation, outsiders usually have a clearer mind than the Libyans themselves. The Allies have sacrificed the interests of local people to secure their share of the loot, both politically and economically.
For example, Robert Kaplan, a senior fellow at the Center for New American Security, wrote in the Wall Street Journal last week that, from the US' standpoint, the spread of democracy in the Middle East was second to the power struggle between Saudi Arabia and Iran. 
One thing is for certain, the street battles seen across Libya are nobody's first choice. This leads to heightened body counts and prolonged conflict. The West will find out soon: Following such a policy can only result in sowing the wind and reaping the whirlwind.

 

EDITORIAL : THE GUARDIAN, UK

Ethical investment: Flower power

It is good to learn that Kenya's rose-growing industry has been transformed since we reported on its damaging impact

In a world of many bad news stories, it is good to learn that Kenya's rose-growing industry, worth $500m a year, has been transformed since we reported, in 2003, on its damaging impact on the people and environment of the shores of Lake Naivasha. Better, safer working conditions and a dramatic new emphasis on sustainability are the upshot of a mix of public criticism and a devastating drought followed by floods that left no alternative but a radical rethink about the way the growers and their workforce used water. Backed by huge charitable organisations like the Rockefeller and the Bill and Melinda Gates foundations, there is an upsurge of interest in this kind of impact investment, where developed-world capital seeks projects in Africa, Asia and South America which can generate commercial returns from sustainable development. Wealthy individuals prefer social enterprise to charity; ethical fund managers look for vehicles that do good at the same time as doing well.
The dilemma is how to judge at what point the costs outweigh the benefits. The current controversy over another Kenyan project, to grow the poisonous and invasive South American plant jatropha for biofuel, shows just how difficult it is to strike a balance. The project's critics protest at damage to the Dakatcha woodland, an important habitat, warn against the extensive planting of an exotic species, and argue that jatropha will produce more carbon than it saves. Its supporters promise jobs and investment in an arid, poverty-stricken part of Kenya. In the wake of land grabs by China, Asia and the Middle East seeking food security for their own people, there is widespread suspicion of an agribusiness invasion, and persuasive arguments against commercial agriculture in countries where more than 90% of the people still rely on subsistence farming. But their backers claim projects that promote food security, create opportunities for smallholders and are environmentally sustainable in countries like Tanzania or Malawi show what can be delivered by good design and careful management.
The best way to judge is by an internationally recognised set of standards. The Global Impact Investment Network's IRIS project seeks to do just that. Yet some impact investment funds are still reluctant to sign up: they recognise the protection such a system would offer; but they are reluctant to commit to anything that might slow the cash flow. Plenty of African entrepreneurs find some funds' concerns to promote equity and transparency irrelevant in a marketplace desperate for cash. Our report today makes clear that consumer pressure is a powerful incentive. That Mother's Day bunch of roses smells a little sweeter now than 10 years ago.

Libya: Defections and dilemmas

From the beginning of the intervention the encouragement of defections has played an absolutely central role
From the beginning of the intervention in Libya the encouragement of defections has played an absolutely central role. Indeed it has been the constant refrain of prime ministers, presidents and foreign ministers as they sought to explain how they thought the coalition would achieve its aims in north Africa. Libyan civilians of course had to be protected from attack. But otherwise the military measures, the economic sanctions and even the threat of international legal proceedings were not ends in themselves.
They were instead means, as William Hague, Hillary Clinton, Nicolas Sarkozy and Barack Obama repeatedly made clear, to signal to Libyan soldiers, civil servants and high functionaries that the regime had no future – and nor would they, if they stuck with it. The important thing was to peel away from the Gaddafis the supporters without whom they could not maintain their rule. The defection of the Benghazi garrison in the early days of the protests brought about the swift collapse of the Gaddafi government's authority in the east, while the resignations and declarations of many Libyan diplomats undermined what little was left of the regime's legitimacy abroad. Defections were the way to go, and the prospect of more was relished.
When it was a matter of barely known military officers changing sides, or western-educated diplomats whose unease at representing the regime had long been noted, or even of Gaddafi ministers migrating to the Benghazi camp in Libya itself, all was grist to the mill. But there was a contradiction looming. When defection is vital to success, can amnesty be far away? This is the problem dramatised by the defection of Moussa Koussa to Britain this week. Koussa has both harmed and helped Britain in the past, with the emphasis in recent years more on the latter than the former. And, with his knowledge of the workings of the Gaddafi inner circle, he can still help us now by pinpointing its weaknesses and identifying other figures who might come over soon.
Some are demanding he be put on trial if evidence emerges of responsibility for attacks on western targets. But it would be amazing, whatever David Cameron says in public, if Koussa had not been given assurances about his own future. And it would be foolish not to listen to what other Gaddafi associates who come to Britain have to say.
One does not have to look far in regional history for examples of the practical taking precedence over the ideal. General Eisenhower confirmed the Vichy Admiral Darlan as chief in north Africa in order to secure the allegiance of Vichy army units. Later the second world war allies installed Field Marshal Badoglio, a general who had fought in Libya but abandoned Mussolini, as head of an interim Italian government.
The short history of the international criminal court, which has since earlier this month been investigating the possibility of charging members of the Gaddafi regime with war crimes, shows that an indictment can have the effect of isolating a head of state, as it did in the case of Slobodan Miloševic. The wider the criminal net is cast, however, the more it may stiffen rather than undermine a faltering regime. There is sometimes, in other words, a choice to be made between absolute justice and bringing a desperate and dangerous phase in a nation's affairs to an end.
Ultimately the decisions about who should be punished, who pardoned, and who allowed, in spite of past sins, to continue to play a part in Libya's political life, should be made by Libyans themselves. But the coalition has for the moment the responsibility of measuring how high a price we should pay for the defections we encourage. The line should surely be drawn at the ruling family itself. How much wider it should go is a hard question. But there may be some unpalatable compromises ahead.

Unthinkable? Honours even

Is it to be imagined that Sachin Tendulkar should fail in Mumbai, to emerge a World Cup winner

Is it really to be imagined that Sachin Tendulkar, one of the greatest batsmen in the history of the game – and one capable, as we saw against Pakistan, even when playing erratically and repeatedly being dropped, of making 85 runs and emerging as man of the match – should fail on this day in his home town, Mumbai, to emerge a World Cup winner, and possibly with his 100th international century under his belt? Even were he to fail, then surely some other Indian star – the rampaging Virender Sehwag, perhaps, or Yuvraj Singh, with his knack of coming up with something decisive when it's needed – would do the job for him. And yet is it really conceivable that a second of the world's greatest cricketers, even when struggling with injury, should fail, if he plays – and they may not be able to stop him – to stamp the name Muttiah Muralitharan on the result? Or that tested performers like the valiant wicketkeeper-opener captain Kumar Sangakkara, from a nation which may remember that a generation ago Sri Lanka was deemed by many English wiseacres unfit for test cricket, should fail to ensure that he leaves on a winning note? For Murali, at 39 – as for now-retiring captains Ricky Ponting, Andrew Strauss and Daniel Vettori, and very likely too for Tendulkar, who'll be 41 in 2015 – it is going to be the commentary box next time. On that basis, the non-aligned, which of course after last weekend includes the English, ought perhaps to hope for a tie. But that surely is truly unthinkable.

 

EDITORIAL : THE NEW YORK TIMES, USA

Gov. Cuomo’s Budget

New York’s lawmakers passed a $132.5 billion budget before the April 1 deadline, a rare event. That is, on the whole, a political win for Gov. Andrew Cuomo, who cut $10 billion out of it.

But the way he chose to do it will bring unnecessary pain to the less fortunate across the state, while allowing some of the richest residents to escape their share of the burden of a recession-era budget. Tellingly, legislators passed the 2011-12 budget behind locked doors early Thursday after angry protesters chanted in the Capitol corridors on Wednesday.
EDUCATION The final budget restores a small amount — $230 million — to the $23 billion allotted for state spending on K-12. Mr. Cuomo originally had wanted to cut that spending by $1.5 billion. But this is still a thoroughly regressive budget that hurts poorer school districts even more than the one initially proposed by the governor.
Consider this comparison between the wealthy Syosset school district in Nassau County and the downtrodden district of Ilion, in economically distressed Herkimer County upstate. Under the new budget, Ilion, which runs its schools on little more than $25 million a year, will lose nearly $1 million. Syosset, with a budget of more than $188 million, will receive a smaller cut of about $760,000.
New York City schools were also particularly shortchanged because their expected allocation of state aid of $6.2 billion was cut by $840 million. A rare bit of good news in this area: the governor’s proposed property tax cap is gone. It would have squeezed the poorer school districts already losing vital state money.
MEDICAID Mr. Cuomo’s cuts would reduce projected state and federal spending on Medicaid by more than $5 billion, a big but manageable number to absorb. The adjustments to Medicaid are mostly fair, as recommended by the Medicaid Redesign Team earlier this year.
The final budget wisely rejects a cap on malpractice awards for pain and suffering of $250,000. The way to deal with rising malpractice insurance costs is to work harder to stop malpractice. The budget also drops proposed increases in co-payments, which could discourage the needy from seeking medical help. A cap on the state share of Medicaid spending should rein in this part of the budget.
REVENUES The major flaw is on taxes. Mr. Cuomo and Senate Republicans decided to give a tax break to millionaires while cutting money for schools, the elderly, the poor and the sick. That’s inhumane and fiscally backward.
Individual New Yorkers earning more than $200,000 a year and married couples earning $300,000 pay a modest surcharge that expires in December. Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver made some effort to extend the tax and should stick to his pledge to keep trying. Mayor Michael Bloomberg, who has complained so loudly about how the state budget hurts the city, should also support this tax. The governor has said he won’t approve any new tax, but this is an extension of taxes already being easily paid by the state’s most fortunate citizens.
THE COURTS Mr. Cuomo and the Legislature have agreed to cut the court system by an additional $70 million, for a total of $170 million. That portends delays and layoffs and threatens much-needed plans to expand legal services for low-income New Yorkers.
Perhaps most important, this budget does not tackle the huge costs of pensions and benefits to the state, New York City and other areas. It does not grant New York City the power it needs to negotiate its own pension deals with unions, rather than leaving them up to the Legislature. And it does not scale back state laws or mandates that cost local districts too much money.
Now that this miserly budget is officially done, Mr. Cuomo should push legislators to get back to work quickly on its shortcomings — as well as on real reform of redistricting and ethics laws.

The Truth About American Muslims

At the Justice Department, it’s called the post-Sept. 11 backlash — the steady stream of more than 800 cases of violence and discrimination suffered by American Muslims at the hands of know-nothing abusers. These continuing hate crimes were laid bare at a valuable but barely noticed Senate hearing last week that provided welcome contrast to Representative Peter King’s airing of his xenophobic allegation that the Muslim-American community has been radicalized.

Offering federal data rather than mythic scapegoating of an easy political target, the Senate hearing focused on the fact that while Muslims make up 1 percent of the population, they are victims in 14 percent of religious discrimination cases. These range from homicides and mosque burnings to job, school and zoning law abuses, according to the Justice Department.
In running the hearing, Senator Richard Durbin tried to set the record straight about the patriotism of a vast majority of American-Muslim citizens and the continuing assaults on their civil rights. He warned against the “guilt by association” whipped up by Mr. King’s broadsides — that there are “too many mosques” in the nation, that most of them are extremist, and that American Muslim leaders have failed to cooperate with law enforcement against home-grown terrorism.
It was former President George W. Bush who first warned against turning on Muslim Americans after Sept. 11, 2001, stressing the fact that Islam is “a faith based upon love, not hate,” regardless of the religious veneer the fanatics of 9/11 tried to attach to their atrocities. Since then, American Muslims have served as the largest source of tips to authorities tracking terror suspects, according to a recent university study.
The Senate hearing was not designed as a full refutation of Representative King’s wild thesis, but it put a more human and factual face on a community that has been badly slurred. Mr. King is promising more committee haymakers. This is unfortunate. At least Mr. Durbin’s hearing made clear that the nation’s struggle against terrorism is best served by information, not dark generalizations.

What Happened to ‘Zero Tolerance’?

A meeting of the nation’s Roman Catholic bishops is scheduled for June. It needs to repair the gaping holes uncovered in their “zero tolerance” mandate for priests suspected of sexually abusing children.

A grand jury report in February found that the Philadelphia archdiocese, for all its announced safeguards, allowed 37 suspect priests to remain in parish work. The indictment of a layman and four church figures — including a monsignor accused of covering up abuse — is proof that the bishops’ system of local and national review boards isn’t strong enough.
Board appointees are supposedly equipped to scrutinize each diocese’s adherence to zero tolerance. But the grand jury in Philadelphia found that the hierarchy there continued to protect accused priests despite repeated scandals and vows for reform.
The leader of the Philadelphia review board pointed to one major weakness: currently, any allegations about rogue priests are first vetted by chancery officials working for the archdiocese. They rightly should go directly to the review boards. This should be a universal no-brainer, along with stronger outside auditing of safeguard programs. Both were initially required, but the bishops subsequently eased that to a policy of “self-reporting” with audits every three years.
The haunting question is how many other Philadelphias may be out there.
A church review panel of laypeople formed in 2002 looked beyond zero tolerance for priests and warned that “there must be consequences” for bishops who engineered cover-ups. More than 700 priests had to be dismissed in a three-year period. But there has been nothing close to an accounting of bishops’ culpability in protecting predatory priests and paying hush money to contain complaints. This is a fact for the bishops to ponder at their June meeting alongside the shocking grand jury report.

Feeling Betrayed, a Furious Tea Party Shakes Its Fist at Both Political Parties

The cold March mist could not drench the piercing moral clarity on view Thursday afternoon at the Tea Party rally outside the Capitol, where a small crowd of the faithful gathered to save the country from compromisers.
There must be no bargaining when it comes to slashing government spending and ending government health care, according to a succession of activists and lawmakers who spoke into a P.A. system turned up far too loud. Not a single step backward, not an inch of ground lost.
Inside the building just behind the protesters, leaders of both parties were busy selling them out. To keep the government open and, more important, to avoid the blame of having it shut down, each party was contemplating giving up something it once considered precious to reach a deal. And that was unimaginable to the people at the rally, who prefer to think of their government as a sleek and pristine civics-book ideal, rather than the sweat-stained product of exhausting negotiation.
The sense that unreliable Republican leaders were giving away the store lent an air of shrill desperation to those trying to stop them, who built in volume into a bullhorn of negative fury.
Many of those present couldn’t decide whom they despised the most: subversive Democrats, who were occasionally compared to the nation’s historic enemies, or spineless Republicans, who had abandoned their post in the nation’s darkest hour.
“Taxation with representation ain’t much fun either,” read a sign held by Dee Meredith of Callao, Va., who said she was disgusted with the Republican establishment for not standing fast with Tea Party principles. If this backsliding continues, she predicted, many Tea Partiers will break with the Republicans in the next election and form a third party.
If so, some of the loudest Republican lawmakers who spoke at the rally will have a decision to make. All of them spoke vehemently against precisely the kinds of proposals now on the table: cutting $33 billion from this year’s budget, rather than $61 billion, and continuing to spend money on health care reform and Planned Parenthood.
“It’s time to pick a fight,” said Representative Mike Pence of Indiana, who just a few years ago was considered one of the more thoughtful Republicans on fiscal issues. “This far, and no further.”
In front of him, a sign bounced with the words “Grow a spine.” Another read, “Invertebrates and Congress cannot stand tall.” A man repeatedly called out, “Cut NPR!”
As was intended by its fervent sponsors, the rally brightly illustrated the division within a Republican Party that is being held together with Speaker John Boehner’s cellophane tape.
Senator Charles Schumer, Democrat of New York, said Thursday that a deal is in hand if Republicans can tune out the voices of the Tea Party. But Mr. Boehner cannot simply tune them out; he would not be speaker without them, and many lawmakers in his own caucus are trying to torpedo any talk of compromise. At some point in the next few days, he — and the very angry people who drove all night to raise their voices — will have to make a choice.

 


 


 


 

EDITORIAL : THE DAILY MIRROR, SRILANKA

The politics of a cricket final

A news report said a 30-member government delegation had asked Indian World Cup organizers to set aside VIP seating accommodation for today’s final between Sri Lanka and India. We do not know who these 30 government leaders or officials are. But one thing is certain. Even before the winner of today’s match is known, the politicians in true Sri Lankan style will be sharpening their spurs to ride on the Sri Lankan team.

Some may by now be preparing statements or speeches for gullible audiences in the island while the rest would be rehearsing how best to pose for pictures with the team, just in case India end up on the losing side.
All this will be nothing but an insult to the one exceptional politician the late Gamini Dissanayake who championed the cause of the Sri Lankan team to be elevated to full international recognition or what is commonly called Test status in 1981. Mr. Dissanayake never wanted a piece of anything and this only showed how genuine the man was and to this day remains the favourite public figure of genuine cricketers past and present. In some way it must be a blessing that he is no longer among us to see the rotten state of affairs of a cricketing establishment which must also be banking on a Sri Lankan victory to put the covers over a field of maggots.
The clamour for the best places by government ministers and representatives did not start with Sri Lanka winning the semi final last Tuesday. Unknown to many it began even before the umpires walked out in the Bangladeshi capital of Dhaka to herald the World Cup with a match between India and the host nation.
Hundreds of tickets had to be made available to ministers and their cheer leaders for all matches in Sri Lanka and this was done by the people who depend on government patronage to survive in a political quagmire which prompted one scribe to remark that all this is possible only in a country like Sri Lanka.
But what is most sickening is the manner in which some of the players of that 1996 World Cup winning team and the wives of other players were being treated at matches by World Cup organizers in Sri Lanka. The heroes who were once hailed by their country became outcasts almost overnight for this is the political climate in Sri Lanka.
We can only caution the present set of players who will march out to contest today’s final, to be aware that the same fate that befell their predecessors might come back to roost on them. Of course we know that in such an environment even the players need the help of politicians to survive in a commercial world where sport is no longer about sport.
But we will not waste a single minute to call on each and every member of the team to do his best today. For although the World Cup is more about money and riches than it is about pride and honour, the common man in the country has only a cricket team to boast of to the outside world. They are the Sri Lankan team’s real heroes who have genuine reasons to celebrate and be proud. When all this is over they will be the ones who have to go back to their plots of land in the village or their roadside kiosks where they will continue to struggle for a living while those who scrounge on their votes have a field day, win or lose.

 

EDITORIAL : THE DAWN, PAKISTAN

Petrol price increase

AN oil price hike is not something anyone likes to see. It puts economic growth at risk, and Pakistani consumers are already hurting from inflation that has reduced their ability to spend on food, transportation and utilities, let alone health and education. So Thursday’s announcement that petroleum prices are being raised by up to 13 per cent comes as distressing news. But the fact is that the government had no choice; given significant increases in international oil prices, exacerbated by tensions in the Middle East, it lost Rs35bn by keeping domestic prices stable from December through February and in March by limiting the increase to five per cent. Continuing to fund the difference would increase public debt and worsen the fiscal deficit. It would also further complicate negotiations with the IMF, which has demanded the removal of subsidies.
But external factors do not bear sole responsibility for this painful adjustment. Mismanagement of the economy as a whole has created a situation in which the government cannot afford to protect its citizens from higher fuel prices. Tax collection remains at unacceptably low levels, and certain large sectors of the economy enjoy concessions due to lobbying and political interests. Public-sector enterprises continue to eat up billions. Ever so often the power sector’s ongoing circular debt problem requires an injection of government funds. This administration and previous ones have also failed to adopt long-term, forward-thinking measures to reduce our dependence on fuel, such as improving mass transit, shifting reliance from road-based to railway transport and increasing power generation from resources other than furnace oil. Meanwhile, hedging strategies to reduce our exposure to global oil price fluctuations have been suggested but not implemented, and a redesign of the oil-pricing formula to reduce the profits of oil refineries and dealers still remains under review. Regardless of external factors, Pakistan might have been able to reduce the impact on citizens if the economy had been handled better as a whole.
That said, what will not help at this point is a political reaction with little regard for economic realities. Political parties will be tempted to milk the price increase for popular support, such as in January, when the MQM’s intransigence led to the withdrawal of a proposed price hike. For the last few months, the government has reportedly been making an effort to educate both coalition and opposition parties on the need for raising petrol prices. One hopes this has laid the ground for cooperation on the economy rather than political attacks that will only hamper the government’s moves to improve the economic situation.

Rights of tenants

THE issue of Punjab’s landless tenants is in the headlines again. On Monday, the Anjuman Mazareen Punjab organised a march to Lahore to press for ownership of the land the tenants have been cultivating for over a century. The marchers’ route was blocked at Khanewal, and the police, which had made the highway impassable by placing containers across it, resorted to unnecessary force. Cases were registered against scores of tenants under the anti-terrorism act, prompting the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan to issue a statement of concern on Wednesday. The following day, the police said that the demonstrators would not be released, adding that only 29 individuals had been arrested. Reportedly, an attempted dialogue on Thursday between the tenants and the local administration failed. The protesters have set up hunger strike camps in seven villages, and the AMP has accused the Punjab government of intending to hand over portions of the land at the centre of the conflict to multinational companies and Gulf-based enterprises.
The use of force is unlikely to achieve much; we cannot expect the matter to die down quietly. Over the years the issue has cropped up time and again, with the Punjab government doing little other than making empty promises. In 2000, protests were launched across the province to counter the government’s attempt to change the tenants’ status by putting them down as ‘contractors’ in the revenue records. It is time that the administration took concrete steps to address the tenants’ one-point agenda of ownership rights. At stake are nearly 70,000 acres of state land in 10 Punjab districts that has been cultivated by tenants since 1905. Some of the land has already been taken over as military-owned dairy farms and for agricultural research. The provincial government and the military have continually overlooked the rights of the tenants, and as the 2000 move and the police violence on Monday show, have at times acted directly against the tenants’ welfare. The interests of the province and the military must be balanced against the tenants’ rights and the injustice they have long suffered.

Extortion racket

THE fact that traders blocked Karachi’s arterial M.A. Jinnah Road to protest against rising incidents of extortion on Thursday shows that the menace is getting out of control. The protest was sparked by a recent incident in which a trader was shot and wounded while resisting extortionists. Some suspect that the recent Empress Market blaze was also ‘punishment’ for resisting extortion demands. Backed by the city’s chamber of commerce, traders say they will observe a strike on April 5 unless corrective measures are taken. The business community has asked why the police have failed to nab suspects, especially when alleged criminals use cellphones to issue their threats, along with leaving their phone numbers on extortion notes. The situation has caught the attention of the presidency. But issuing statements and sending in the interior minister to rectify the situation is no solution; there needs to be visible action.
Protection rackets exist all over the world, often being run under the nose of the police. In Karachi, extortion is a well-organised affair, with many suspecting that the city’s main political parties are complicit in the racket. Criminals may well be using the parties’ names, but since none of the parties have taken a forceful stand against extortion the impression that politicians may be patronising criminal elements is strengthened. The city’s political stakeholders have the key to controlling the menace of extortion. The politicians must realise that by supporting criminals, they are punishing Karachi’s citizens. With high inflation and a climate hardly suitable for investment, the state and Karachi’s political players are not doing the city any favour by failing to act against extortionists. Last month, a suspected extortionist was lynched in Kharadar; the state must understand that if it continues to remain a spectator, this is the way in which the public will deal with the problem.

 


 


 

EDITORIAL : THE HINDU, INDIA

Mixed news from Census 2011

Sometimes, the good news is inextricably tied up with the bad. Provisional data from Census 2011 indicate that India's population might stabilise soon with the slowing down of the growth rate. From 21.54 per cent in Census 2001, the decadal population growth fell to 17.64 per cent in 2011. In absolute terms, 2001-2011 is the first decade (if 1911-1921 is excluded) to add a smaller number to the population than the preceding decade. The other good news is that literacy rate climbed from 64.83 per cent in 2001 to 74.04 per cent in 2011. While literacy among males rose from 75.26 per cent to 82.14 per cent, an increase of 6.9 points, it rose among females from 53.67 per cent to 65.46 per cent, an increase of 11.8 points. Of the additional literates, women (110,069,001) outnumber men (107,631,940). The gap of 21.59 percentage points between men and women in 2001 now stands reduced to 16.68 points. The full census data, to be released next year, should provide policymakers a comprehensive view of where India stands on key indicators of socio-economic development, set against the goal of creating a more egalitarian and just society.
It is no surprise that the overall sex ratio (number of females for every 1,000 males) has shown improvement, from 932.91 in 2001 to 940.27 in 2011; a good part of this can be explained by the greater natural longevity of women and improvements in health care over the years. Lurking in the provisional population data, however, is a deeply disturbing set of statistics: a steep fall in the child sex ratio, which measures the number of girls for every 1,000 boys in the 0-6 years age group. The sex ratio in the 0-6 age group has been continually declining since 1961 but the fall from 927.31 in 2001 to 914.23 in 2011 is the worst since Independence. This trend and scale of decline in rising India is shocking. It can only be explained by the deadly application of the ‘son preference' on a growing scale — through the instrumentality of sex-selective abortion, or female foeticide. Attempts to tackle female foeticide through bans on sex-determination tests imposed by the Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act have been largely ineffective. In his essay ‘Many faces of gender inequality' (Frontline, November 9, 2001), Amartya Sen drew on the 2001 Census data to highlight the fact that India split into two when it came to the sex ratio in the 0-6 age group: the South and the East had a decent ratio while the entire North and the West revealed a deeply disturbing picture. Even though the regional split concealed many micro-level variations, the contrast was striking. It would be interesting to see if the same regional pattern continues in the 2011 Census but the overall child sex ratio data, which throw sharp light on social mores, are depressing.

Going round and round

Two recent exhortations by Jagdish Bhagwati and the WTO's Director-General Pascal Lamy to conclude the Doha round, though not original, are timely and send out some important messages. Both have warned against the consequences of a failure. The odds against concluding the round have remained high despite the lip service multilateralism has received over the years. Repeated failures to adhere to negotiating deadlines have induced a sense of scepticism, if not cynicism, over the final outcome. More than nine years after the start of the round, few people are willing to bet on a wrap-up any time soon. In fact, the possibility of a total failure is not ruled out, although trade negotiators, meeting periodically at Geneva, have been working hard for a consensus on some of the key contentious issues. In several ways, the world's major trading nations are moving away from the spirit of multilateral trade. For instance, there has been a strong preference among countries, India included, for bilateral ‘free trade' agreements, which, generally, take less time to forge and promise almost immediate results. However, it is not in the best interests of either trade or individual countries that a slew of bilateral pacts should dominate international trade. Going by the experience, these pacts lead to hegemony by the rich countries over the poor as well as discrimination and distortion in trade practices.
A multilateral trade agreement governed by uniform rules and procedures would help avoid such traps. Besides, it would give all member countries access to the disputes settlement body of the WTO, an institution through which the smallest member countries can direct the richest to stop distorting trade practices. Absent an agreement, the rule of law the WTO helped establish would be at risk of being considerably diluted. Even worse, the WTO might find itself becoming irrelevant. The irony is that after the global economic crisis of 2007 the world's leading economies have become acutely aware of the interdependence among them. The G20 countries, which tried to assume leadership of the global economy, bravely tried to find global solutions to common economic and social problems. The Seoul Summit of 2010 wanted the Doha round to be completed by 2011. However, with economic recovery spreading to the richer countries, there have been fewer compulsions to cooperate. On the contrary, jobless growth in the United States has stoked protectionist sentiment. At this juncture, the outlook for the Doha round is anything but bright.

 

 

EDITORIAL : THE DAILY STAR, BANGLADESH

Saving buildings from quakes

Code implementation crucial

We understand from the minister for food and disaster management that the government will bring all the new buildings across the country under Bangladesh national building code standardization (BNBC) to minimize the fatalities from earthquake. Although we would like to take the decision on a positive note, we cannot help feel skeptical because of the ground realities pertaining to implementation status on a number of existing codes.
We are talking of a national programme whereas in the capital city itself the building code is extensively violated under the very nose of authorities. While this is happening at the seat of administration and at the hub of business including real estate activities, how can we expect that a national programme of building code implementation will meet with success?
A glaring example of flouting construction code is provided by how poorly implemented has been the Detailed Area Plan (DAP) which did zoning prohibiting construction activity in certain earmarked areas.
Also, government's relaxation of height restrictions provided that a land-owner or a builder leaves some specified portion of his plot out of his construction plan has been purposely taken undue advantage of.
We believe the codes and rules are all in place but what is of crucial importance now is their implementation. This must begin with the capital city itself where the need is the greatest if we are to save buildings from the onslaught of earthquakes of moderate to slightly higher magnitude. For the established notion is that most of the buildings in Dhaka city will collapse in the face of any serious earthquake.
Our vulnerability to earthquake is all too known. And if we are to prevent fatalities then we have to energetically and unfailingly render the city buildings reasonably earthquake-resilient. Otherwise, talking big about a national programme will only be meaningless, misplaced rhetoric.

Diplomacy win-win for both

Cricket result notwithstanding 

The WC semi-final encounter between India and Pakistan, two cricketing rivals brought heads of government of the two arch rival countries under the same roof and for hours together. It was indeed, in terms of duration and quality, a diplomatic engagement, not on the sidelines of cricket, but turned out to be something of a mainstream event in its own right. It was uninhibited by formalities or schedules or any rigidity of pre-arranged agenda.
In contrast to the high tension inside the Mohali stadium, there was no result-scoring pressure on Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh nor on his Pakistani counterpart Yusuf Raza Gilani. The added value was in the host-guest friendliness in the field at the crowd level of supporters of both teams.
Relaxed, Manmohan and Gilani made full use of the huge block of time at their disposal talking a whole range of bilateral issues and sharing concerns for resolving them in the enlightened interest of both countries.
After the post-match dinner while meeting the press both prime ministers sounded a positive note of resolve to grapple with outstanding problems. Manmohan said, “Whatever may be the differences between the two countries, we have to devise ways to resolve them bilaterally”. Gilani reciprocated saying, India and Pakistan have the capacity to settle their differences bilaterally. Their realization that they have to solve their problems all by themselves will be welcomed everywhere.
Cricket has really played a catalytic role in a specific way in the sense that both the prime ministers have expressed their joint resolve to start a long term process of negotiations to come to terms with each other on a wide range of issues. If they go about building tangibly on the positive vibes from cricket-centred Mohali diplomacy, the region as well as the two countries will benefit from an ambience of peaceful coexistence.

 

CRICKET24

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